96 - Macroscopic and Microscopic Study of Nasal Cartilage: A Cadaveric Study

Poster Board Number: 96
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Odd poster #s – first hour
Even poster #s – second hour

Co-authors:

Pooja Garg, M.Sc, PhD - Senior Resident, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur

Abstract Body : Introduction: The nasal skeleton is a composite structure consisting of both bone and cartilage components, forming a vent-like structure that is crucial for respiratory function. Any defects in the nasal cartilage can disrupt airflow, leading to respiratory issues. Surgeons often use the cartilaginous part of the external nose for reconstructive surgery and grafting. Understanding nasal cartilage anatomy is particularly relevant for otorhinolaryngology surgeons specializing in rhinoplasty and septoplasty surgeries.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the macroscopic and histological characteristics of nasal cartilage and determine whether the lateral nasal and septal cartilages constitute a continuous structure or distinct entities.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study involved 15 cadavers comprising of 11 men and 4 women after obtaining permission of Institute Ethics Committee. The average age at the time of death was 75.07 years and included cadavers without prior head and neck reconstructive surgeries. Demographic information was gathered, and the dimensions of the lateral nasal cartilage were measured. Cartilage from the nose was removed, fixed, processed, and histologically analysed.

Results: The study included 15 adult Indian cadaveric specimens, revealing that the lateral nasal cartilage was adherent to the nasal bones and the maxilla. The average dimensions of the lateral nasal cartilage were 18.07 mm in length, 14.94 mm in width, and 1.4 mm in thickness. Histological analysis showed varying connections between the septal cartilage and lateral nasal cartilage, including a) loose fibrous tissue, b) perichondrium, or c) mature hyaline cartilage connections. Some specimens showed multiple small hyaline cartilage plates in lateral nasal cartilage rather than a single continuous layer. The mucosa was continuous in both cartilages. The cranial part of the lateral nasal cartilage and septal cartilage was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, while the distal part was lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.

Conclusion: The study revealed a unique anatomical spectrum, with four different attachment patterns between the lateral nasal and septal cartilages. These variations result from complex developmental processes influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

Clinical Significance: Surgeons should be aware of the full range of anatomical possibilities when treating individual patients. This newfound understanding of the anatomical spectrum may have implications for surgical procedures and patient care.

Funding: The study had no external funding.